Basic sausage guide

DEFINITION OF BUILT-INS

Article 412 – RISPOA

  • “Insured meat” means all products made with meat or edible organs, whether cured or not, seasoned, cooked or not, smoked and dried or not, with intestine, bladder or animal membrane as the wrapping.
    SOLE PARAGRAPH: the use of artificial skins in the preparation of sausages is permitted, as long as they are approved by DIPOA.

Meat

  • High-bond meat: rear and front;
  • Low-grade meats: trimmings (50% fat), neck, brisket, esophagus, diaphragm, Mechanically Separated Meat and tongue;
  • Stuffing meat: stomach, hump, skin and heart;

Functions of meat

  • Meat proteins serve to emulsify fats and water;
  • Fat provides tenderness, juiciness and flavor to the product.

Ingredients

Water

  • Represents 45 to 55% of the weight of the sausage not matured by drying;
  • Usual addition of 10% in cooked sausages and 3% in raw sausages;

Emulsifiers

  • Cornstarch, cassava starch, potato starch, wheat flour, soy protein, skin emulsion, skimmed milk powder and blood plasma.

Function of Emulsifiers in Sausages

  • Stabilize water, oil and protein, as well as being able to incorporate air;
  • Increase the yield of the final product through greater water retention;
  • Softness of the final product due to the greater concentration of liquid and air.

Curing Additives

salt

  • Solubilize myofibrillar proteins;
  • Intensify flavor and aroma;
  • Dehydrating action
  • Reduce the growth of certain bacteria, making it difficult for them to proliferate.
  • Enhance conservative substances and reduce water activity (Aw moisture balance).

Sugar

  • Give the product a better flavor;
  • Food for cultures responsible for meat maturation.

Sodium Nitrite and Sodium Nitrate

  • Maintain high oxidation-reduction potential by providing the environment with anaerobic conditions;
  • Reduce the chance of anaerobic microorganisms appearing, such as Clostridium botulinum;
  • Attach to myoglobin forming nitrosomyoglobin, which is resistant to cooking, giving the product a reddish color, characteristic of cured products;
  • Conservative;

Glucone Delta Lactone:

  • Maturation stabilizer;
  • Color stabilizer;
  • Increases mass binding power;
  • Reduces the addition of nitrite by up to a third;
  • Causes a drop in pH, preventing the growth of undesirable microorganisms.

Ascorbic Acid and Sodium Ascorbate

  • Reducer, stabilizer;
  • Reduces the formation of nitrosamines (potential carcinogen);
  • Accelerates the healing process and the formation of nitric oxide.

Monosodium glutamate \ glutamic acid

  • It improves flavor as it is considered one of the elements of human taste.

Acidifiers: Lactic Acid (INS 270), Citric Acid (INS 330), Acetic Acid and Wine

  • Acidic flavor and microbiological control;

Polyphosphates

  • Increases the ionic strength of mixtures, facilitates water retention;
  • Income gain.

Healing Aids

Starter Crops

  • Promote maturation, aromatization, flavor and color;
  • Prevents defects in raw products caused by unwanted bacterial contamination;

Spice

  • Any aromatic vegetable substance with or without nutritional value;
  • Amplify, improve and modify the organoleptic properties of products.

Main Condiments

  • Celery, garlic, vanilla, cinnamon, onion, cumin, coriander, marjoram, mint, mustard, nutmeg, peppers, paprika, sage, thyme, parsley, onion, parsley, chives, etc.

Microbiological control of condiments (major source of contamination)

  • Sterilized: ethylene oxide and ultraviolet rays.

Dyes

  • Substances intended to improve the visual appeal of the product;
  • Provide uniformity in the coloring of products.
  • Plant origin: saffron, turmeric, carrot, annatto, beetroot, etc.
  • Animal origin: Hemoglobin, carmine.
  • Artificial: Erythrosine

Wraps/Cases

Natural

  • fine casing of cattle, pigs, sheep and goats.
  • Thick beef tripe
  • Bovine and porcine bladder;
  • Bovine esophagus
  • Pig stomach
  • Natural wraps are permeable to moisture, smoke and are edible.
  • Disadvantages: they do not have uniform caliber and are perishable.

Artificial

  • Cellulose casing – inedible, permeable to smoke and moisture;
  • Collagen casing – edible, permeable to smoke and moisture.
  • Polyethylene polyvinylidene and polyvinyl chloride casing – permeable and inedible.
5 4 votes
Assessments
5 4 votes
Assessments
Subscribe
Notificação de

38 Comments
novo
antigo mais votado
Inline Feedbacks
View all comments

Hello, I would like to know how much ascorbic acid to use in meat?

Good morning!
How to increase the yield of fresh sausages?
Can I use soy protein isolate or starch? And the quantity!
Thank you very much

Hi Tiago, use soy protein isolate and/or phosphates to gain performance. There are ready-made products with a mix of soy protein and phosphates, like this one income mix.

In a video I saw how to dry sausage in an air conditioner, I would like more information and how I can use it. Thank you.

Air conditioning chamber? It can be any place where you can hang the products, keep the temperature around 12ºC, the humidity around 80%, have light air circulation and no light. Some people do it in an old refrigerator, mini-bar, wine cellar, basement, container…

Please, I have noticed that some Calabrian sausages include potato starch in their recipes. I would like to know if in this case the use of a chemical emulsifier is unnecessary?

Congratulations. I would like to receive the information posted.
Thanks

If possible, I would like to receive notifications of new publications, especially about artisanal sausages.

Hi Antonio, there is a sign-up form in the sidebar or at the very bottom of the scroll bar for mobile users. A notification is sent whenever a relevant recipe is published. There is no specific sign-up for sausages only, but all recipes are always related to charcuterie.

Good evening. I would like to know what % of soy protein isolate I can use in pork sausage.
I'm also looking for some material on curing salami by wet smoking. I'm from Pernambuco and the temperatures here are high for curing.

I really liked these comments, I would like to receive more information on the topic, thank you.

Please gentlemen, I intend to make salami without smoking, how much curing salt should I use for each kilo of meat. I thank you very much in advance.

My pork sausages are bursting, what are the problems and causes?

Could it be a lack of a binder?

Good morning,
Eduardo, I make a sausage with beef, cms and other ingredients. It is cooked. It is Ling. Mixed Cooked, but after approximately 10 days it starts to release water and consequently, loses the vacuum faster. Where are we going wrong? Could you give us some light?

Your website is great! Thank you for sharing information that is hard to find! I made a homemade sausage recipe yesterday, I used pork leg and bacon, I thought it was very light after cooking, is that normal? Thank you!

Hi Vanessa, you probably didn't use curing salt (nitrite) and that's why the sausage turned out light. The curing salt reacts with the meat, creating and fixing a reddish hue; otherwise, the sausage tends to turn light gray after cooking. If you want to keep the product natural, you can replace the curing with artificial or natural colorings such as saffron, annatto, paprika, tomato paste, beet juice or another dark orange or red ingredient.

They have some dough or cream based on wheat or cornstarch to make the dough, just like the sausage made with alheira, which contains bread in its composition, I mean smoked sausage.

If you're talking about a traditional smoked meat-based sausage, then I don't know of a dough that can add volume without ruining the texture. What you can do is use soy protein and phosphates to retain and stabilize more water within the protein.

Good morning

I would like to make smoked knee, I need a recipe for brining by immersion, can someone help me.

Hello, very good blog, excellent even, congratulations
Could ascorbic acid be a substitute for curing salt or does one thing have nothing to do with the other?

My sausage crumbles a lot, where am I going wrong? You say it's the temperature and the amount of fat (more or less, if I want it lighter, do I add more liquids and thickeners?
I would like to take a course, as I would like to invest in this field. I am from Belém-PA, and we have an abundance of spices and animal raw materials, which I believe are excellent in the art of charcuterie.
Thank you very much

Dear.

Is there any way to make the casings more fire resistant without using chemicals?

Thank you very much, please could you provide some literature regarding the origin of the use of healing salts (first reports of use by humanity) otherwise, thank you very much again, may GOD bless you.

Eduardo, congratulations, very clear and objective, I really liked the information as well as the interactivity of the people who are participating.
Once again congratulations and success.

Good afternoon, first of all I would like to congratulate the site and thank you for the information posted, I recently acquired a meat grinder with an adaptation for making sausages, since then I have been researching to understand and be able to make artisanal sausages, of the information I researched there is one that was not clear, which is the drying time of the sausages, I want to make Tuscan sausage to grill on the barbecue, nothing smoked or precooked, I understood all the processes, from the choice of pork, seasonings, fat proportion, etc. I will not use curing salt, only salt and natural seasonings. Let's get to the question, since it is not smoked, and does not have preservatives, I imagine that its shelf life is a few days, at the same time, I saw that some people leave the sausage to dry for 1 to 2 days hanging outside the refrigerator, others say they leave it for 1 to 2 hours, and most recipes say that the sausage should be stored for a maximum of 5 days in the refrigerator, I am a little worried about the drying time, is that it? really? Won't the sausage spoil if left out of the fridge to dry for 2 days? If you can help me with this information I would be very grateful, one more thing… Read more "

Yes, it will go bad. It's the same as leaving a piece of seasoned meat out of the fridge. In 2 days without preservatives, meat yeasts and at an inadequate temperature, all kinds of bacteria will proliferate. When you roast it, it will kill the bacteria, but the toxins will still be there. What exactly is the reason for this drying? Color fixation (nitrite), loss of moisture, maturation? Natural sausage without curing salt for barbecue does not need to be dried. Store it in a container in the fridge. The shelf life, as mentioned, is the same as any seasoned meat. I suggest 3 days at most, after that you need to be careful. Freeze it and it will last at least 3 months.

Your website is very good, very informative for those who want to start in the art of charcuterie.
I would like to suggest including a section on equipment and accessories. There are so many different grinders, fillers, nozzles, etc. that it can be difficult for those who are not familiar with them to choose what to buy without wasting money.

Good afternoon.
I am delighted with your website.
Precious tips.

I really want to make those German sausages, the White and the Red. If I'm not mistaken they're called Bratwurst... Something like that.
Do you have any recipes for them? I saw a recipe but it didn't seem very correct. For example, how does it get that white?

There is the white sausage Weisswurst and the Bratwurst, both made with veal, which is why they are light in color. The Bratwurst is thinner, the thickness of a sausage, and is often used in hot dogs in the US. The Weisswurst is thicker, the thickness of a sausage. The red sausage is the “Penguin”, which from what I know is the “Schublig”. Search for these names and you will find many good recipes in English.

I would like to always be informed about new recipes

I need addresses in São Paulo where they sell artificial or natural bladders, bovine size for
smoked tenderloin
Thank you ANTONIO lASSE

Very good, I usually make cheeses, breads, as much as possible natural! Now I want to start making sausages for my own consumption! Congratulations to the Forum and the people who give us the information.

Great, very useful and informative. It's exactly what I needed. I intend to start a small production of salami and other sausages. I would like to be able to contact you if I have any questions. Thank you.